Massachusetts and Vermont at a glance
Moving between Massachusetts and Vermont changes more than the scenery. On a $60,000 salary, Massachusetts leaves $13,569 a year after taxes, rent, food, energy and gasoline; Vermont leaves $23,587.
Vermont comes out ahead by $10,018 a year ($835 a month). The calculation starts from the same gross pay in both states, subtracts federal tax, Social Security and Medicare, then each state's own income tax, and then the population-weighted cost of a one-bedroom rental, groceries, home energy and gasoline across 7,044,056 people in 14 counties in Massachusetts and 647,106 people in 14 counties in Vermont.
Taxes: what each paycheck loses
Federal income tax ($5,072) and FICA ($4,590) on $60,000 are the same on both sides of the border. State income tax takes $2,780 in Massachusetts and $1,591 in Vermont, which leaves take-home pay of $47,559 and $48,747.
At $100,000
At $100,000 take-home pay is $74,121 in Massachusetts and $74,683 in Vermont, a difference of $562. The gap does not widen much with income because the two states tax at similar rates.
Living costs
One-bedroom rent averages $2,087 a month in Massachusetts and $1,431 in Vermont, so Vermont is $656 a month cheaper for housing. Food costs $3,436 a year in both, because the USDA Thrifty Food Plan is a national figure; home energy $3,968 and $2,991, and gasoline $1,542 and $1,558. Together the basics cost $33,989 a year in Massachusetts and $25,160 in Vermont.
What the Census adds
Median household income is $103,960 in Massachusetts and $81,203 in Vermont. Homeowners pay a median of $5,992 a year in property tax in Massachusetts and $5,039 in Vermont. Commuters travel 29.1 minutes each way on average in Massachusetts and 23.5 in Vermont.
Method
Taxes use the 2025 rules for a single filer with wage income only and the standard deduction. Housing and living costs are county figures from HUD (one-bedroom Fair Market Rent), the USDA Thrifty Food Plan and state energy prices from the Energy Information Administration, averaged across each state's counties and weighted by population, so large counties count more. Local income taxes are not included. Counties differ widely inside every state, so use the county pages for a specific place.